The Role of Leadership in Emplyee Performance Free Essays

string(462) connection between authority advancement and employees’ execution in Customs home office in Iran? Is there any relationship among administration advancement measurements and employees’ performance? Which measurement of authority improvement has the most noteworthy effect on employees’ performance? Examination writing Leadership is the capacity to urge others to attempt anxiously so as to acquire certain reasons (Davis, 2010: 423). Global Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology Volvo. 2 NO. 5; August 2012 Impact of Leadership Development on Employees’ Performance (Case Study: Employees of Customs Headquarters) DRP. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Role of Leadership in Emplyee Performance or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Java Merriam Department of Public Management, Gavin Branch Islamic Cad University, Gavin, Iran DRP. Mohammad Their Organization Department of Management, Borderer Branch Islamic Cad University, Borderer , Iran Shirring Ensnare Department of Management, Borderer Branch Islamic Cad University, Borderer, Iran Baton Samuelsson Postgraduate of Business Management Panama-Mourn college, Tehran Share Ray unit and Educational Services Expert in college of Safaris, Iran Abstract Objective: The current review has been directed to contemplate the â€Å"role of initiative improvement on employees’ execution in Customs home office of the Islamic Republic of Iran†. Philosophy: Descriptive-connection strategy was utilized in this overview and the factual populace included workers of Customs base camp equivalent to 600 seventy eight (678) people. Test volume was chosen through arbitrary class inspecting strategy that was equivalent to 200 fifty (250) people. Poll was utilized to gather the necessary information and information examination was practiced utilizing Inferential insights tests, for example, Pierson connection coefficient and bit by bit relapse investigation notwithstanding expressive measurements Indexes, for example, mean and standard deviation. Discoveries: Findings uncover that there Is a huge and positive relationship among initiative turn of events and Its measurements with employees’ execution. End: It Is reasoned that approval, instruction and advancement and strengthening have the most noteworthy effect on workers execution separately. Catchphrases: administration improvement, training, instruction and advancement, strengthening, interest in dynamic, approval, execution Introduction Leadership Is a puzzling procedure that has been considered comparatively by everyday citizens, researchers and analysts since the far past. It Is one of the significant five errands of directors In some direction messages. Initiative meaner craft of Influencing the subordinates with the goal that they direct pre-decided manors In the system of specific purposes intentionally and energetically (Swahili Shrine, 1995: 15-19). It appears that human relations, his activity would be directed to fulfillment and improvement of employees’ execution naturally. Today legislative and private associations expect to upgrade their administration quality and this won’t be satisfied except if with a decent administration, appropriate authority and moving towards information and innovation headway (Regain, 2005: 230-247). 54 O Center for Promoting Ideas, USA www. Bureau. Com As using employees’ capacities is beyond the realm of imagination without compelling authority presence of administration as the driving component in employees’ inspiration, making points of view, improving employees’ ability, instru ction and advancement of the authoritative roses and aggregating purposes and projects are critical to acquire hierarchical targets (Moravia, 2009). Significant assignment of Customs as one of the administrative associations is to control imports and fares lawfully so as to get obligations, forestalling to import non-standard and unhygienic items, managing importation and exportation of certain items to direct the inward market and so forth. Abusing the above cases would be directed to social and social variations from the norm notwithstanding their hurtful effects on the inside creation and monetary stagnation through changing the way of life and taste of customers towards nonstandard and snuck items and makes confusion in the financial framework by predominance of outside producers on the interior markets and builds joblessness and the related issues. Since exact and successful execution of Customs’ guidelines and keeping away from the above issues has an immediate relationship with Customs’ authority and execution of its workers as monetary outskirts of the nation it is proposed in the current review to address the accompanying inquiries given to the above issues. Is there any connection between administration improvement and employees’ execution in Customs base camp in Iran? Is there any relationship among authority improvement measurements and employees’ execution? Which measurement of administration advancement has the most elevated effect on employees’ execution? Examination writing Leadership is the capacity to urge others to attempt anxiously so as to get certain reasons (Davis, 2010: 423). It is a procedure where the board of the association attempts to encourage his errands to satisfy authoritative purposes by making inspiration and a compelling connection and urges workers to lead their undertakings anxiously and eagerly (Alvin, 1996: 137-138). Administration advancement: past, present and future Leadership improvement is upgrade of capacities and making point of view for spurring and coordinating of people towards decided purposes. It incorporates segments, for example, training and advancement, interest of people in dynamic, instructing, Job strengthening and approval (Lowlier, Gold Smith Karate, 2005). Administration improvement has gotten accomplishments in two earlier decades among which we can allude expanding of the executives advancement techniques and coordination among the administration and mineral well known progressively and makes more examinations be centered around authority capabilities and issues with respect to non-coordination in working undertakings and life (Werner-Brome Hughes, 2009). Administration advancement at workplace Nowadays trend-setters speak to abilities and procedures with respect to authority improvement through strategies, for example, instructive projects and training and apply them in main problems. Individuals could get significant aptitudes by consolidating such headings and genuine business conditions and subsequently it is feasible for associations to discover significant, simultaneous and related issues and manage them. At last reason for authority improvement incorporates activity not information. Along these lines, administration improvement at present meaner giving learning chances to individuals through work not keeping them reserved from the workplace and obliging them to learning. In addition, the best understanding of associations is to discover the position of authority as a key factor in all Job levels and that they are resolved to make powerful pioneers over their associations. Growing progressively individual and better pioneers isn't the main centering purpose of authority advancement in spite of the fact that this issue is still significant. Initiative is progressively characterized such that it isn't Just identified with leader’s acts rather it is a procedure which makes another age of pioneers and compelling relations that their emphasis is on pioneers and colleagues’ collaboration (La]Verdi, 2011). Hierarchical execution Organizational execution is getting authoritative and social purposes or going past them and directing obligations attempted by individuals (Heresy and Blanchard, 1996: 504). 55 Research theories Primary speculation There is a connection between initiative turn of events and employees’ execution. Auxiliary theories 1-There is a charges among training and employees’ execution. 2-There is a connection among training and improvement and employees’ execution. 3-There is a connection among strengthening and employees’ execution. 4-There is a connection between investment in dynamic and employees’ execution. 5-There is a connection among approval and employee s’ execution. Reasonable model of the review In this study administration improvement and its measurements (instructing, training and advancement, strengthening, cooperation in dynamic and approval) are viewed as autonomous rabbles and execution is viewed as reliant variable. Administration advancement Coaching Performance Education and improvement Participation in dynamic Authorization Research technique The current study was led utilizing engaging relationship strategy. Measurable populace included representatives of Customs home office in 2011. Volume of the measurable populace was equivalent to 678 people among which 386 people were male and 292 people were female. Test volume was resolved equivalent to 250 people utilizing Creakier and Morgan table and relative class examining technique was utilized. In this way, part of each class (male and female workers) was first determined in the factual populace and a similar proportion was seen in the example as well. Factual example of workers contains 142 guys and 108 females by sexual orientation partition. Two specialist independent surveys were utilized for administration improvement and execution to gather the necessary information. In spite of the fact that these polls were standard and standardized, perspectives on consultant and directing teachers were evaluated to decide legitimacy of the surveys. Cockroach alpha coefficients of administration improvement and employees’ execution surveys product equivalent to 0. 89 and 0. 86 separately which delineated high reliabil

Essay Sample on Advertising in Society and Its Dubious Role

Exposition Sample on Advertising in Society and Its Dubious Role Certain, promoting is as old as the main market. At the present time it is an indivisible piece of our lives. We can see ads all over the place: on TV, in papers and in lanes. We truly should lay our record with this issue today. Publicizing organizations impact our brains past measures on our general public, yet is this effect positive or not? We frequently lay at the entryway of certain organizations, utilizing forceful administration to win a market. A wide range of enterprises do it with two purposes: to lay hang available and collect however much cash as could be expected This implies they make a solid positive picture of a saint, who advances some brand. Such a system should establish a solid framework of positive picture, associated with either brand. These good examples impact people groups minds a great deal. Buyers wish to be fair and square with the advertisement legend and however costly vehicles, contraptions and scents. When the company’s CEO settles on the choice, he lays a ton at gaze. Tragically, while utilizing such procedures, organizations couldn't care less about the general public. The vast majority of them simply need to gain as much cash, as could be expected under the circumstances. Belief systems that publicizing advances are frequently brutal and hostile to social. A lot of plugs are vicious, bigot or utilize sexual pictures. While attempting to advance their merchandise, partnerships regularly mortify different trademarks. Lastly, the vast majority of the data we get from the promotions is basically false. A few activists frequently attempt to bring this point up in front to government authorities, however the lawmakers minds are for the most part at the rear of past. This happens in light of the fact that forceful administration techniques are bringing benefit now and again past anybodys conviction. Despite the fact that publicizing has its darker sides, it additionally presents to us a great deal of good. We find out about new items and sops from ads. We likewise can discover better or less expensive products, utilizing our TV-sets. While making solid constructive generalizations, promoting offices make individuals care about the state of being. At the point when Michael Jordan or Ralf Schumacher disturb for a sound lifestyle, this makes individuals consider their wellbeing. A fruitful publicizing strategy can raise some overlooked item from the dead. Lastly, brands that are being promoted, really put billions into the today’s broad communications. Publicizing assumes a questionable job in our todays world. This is the issue that cant and shouldn’t be set down. Ads make generalizations and pulverizes them; invigorates us and makes us increasingly forceful. Whenever controlled and leveled, the job of promoting is commonly valuable. In the event that you need custom exposition, inquire about paper, proposition or research project on Sociology or Business issues don't hesitate to contact our expert custom composing administration.

Legal Advice for Harry and Mrs.Tourniquet in Relation to the Accident Essay

Legitimate Advice for Harry and Mrs.Tourniquet in Relation to the Accident that Led to Employment Dismissal - Essay Example This exposition pronounces that the primary concern of proving the school’s governor’s excusal is carelessness. In any case, Mrs. Tourniquet may likewise contend that the school had additionally gotten careless since they had not ensured that a medical attendant would be accessible during school hours. There was carelessness on the school the executives since they couldn't ensure that understudies be given legitimate clinical consideration, when mishaps happen. In the event that Mrs. Tourniquet will utilize this as a protection, it doesn't imply that she won't be held obligated, yet at any rate the guardians of the kid may sue the school, and not just Mrs.Tourniquet to request harms. Unquestionably, Harry or his folks may request harms first from the school since it was their commitment to take care of their kid. On the off chance that just there was an attendant during the hour of the mishap, Harry’s leg may have not been removed, and Mrs. Tourniquet won't be in cited to do whatever is past her obligation as a science educator. This paper makes an end that excusing Mrs. Tourniquet doesn't exclude the school from the commitment of giving financial remuneration. The excusal may not be defended by Mrs. Tourniquet’s bad behaviors, however it is a learning experience for training foundations in not overlooking the chance of mishaps occurring anytime, and at quickly. To finish up, Harry may request harms from the school. Mrs. Tourniquet is still liable to be excused for her carelessness and unfortunate behavior.

Describe the State of Homelessness in Vancover, Canada - 1650 Words

Describe the State of Homelessness in Vancover, Canada (Essay Sample) Content: The state of Homelessness in Vancouver, CanadaName:Institution:Date:Introduction Homeless in Canada is a worrying trend. A number of statistics gained from hostels, emergency shelters, government reports, and a number of advocacy groups indicate that the number of homeless people is increasing rapidly. According to such reports, the composition of homeless persons has changed from being derelict old persons to predominantly young persons, with majority of them being women and children (Austen and Pauly, 2012). A significant number of Canadians are homeless with majority of them living in poor shelters, which has the possibility of threatening their safety, health and overall dignity. Bassuk and Geller (2006) argue that even though Canada is recognized as one of the first class economies, the severity of homelessness in Canada has been recognized by international observers as being a problem that warrants urgent solutions. Vancouver has the highest number of homeless persons in Canada. A report released by The National Shelter Study did indicate that the number of homeless persons in the city of Vancouver is worrying and needs urgent attention. This article reviews the nature of homelessness in Vancouver, causes of the problem and solutions to the problem of homelessness in Vancouver. Nature of homelessness in Toronto, Canada In 2013, the Homelessness Partnering Secretariat of Canada released HYPERLINK "http://homelesshub.ca/resource/national-shelter-study-2005-2009"The National Shelter Study: Emergency Shelter Use in Canada 2005-2009. Shockingly, Toronto came out as the city with the highest number of homeless people (Bridgman, 2003). As of 2012, more than 5086 individuals in Toronto were homeless. As of now, the number of homeless persons in Toronto has risen to unimaginable standards. It argued that Toronto attracts populations, such asHYPERLINK "http://digitaljournal.com/article/355601"LGBT youthwho come to a large city to find safety in their sexual orientation identity as well. It for this reason and many others that the number of homeless persons in Canada is lately turning out to be a worrying trend, not only to the government, but also other stakeholders across the country (Laird, 2007). Reasons for someone becoming homeless vary from individual to individual and can include family breakdown (divorce/separation or even being thrown out), exit from the child welfare system, military history, eviction, mental health or drug addiction issues, loss/lack of job, lack of sufficient income, low rate of welfare, government benefits or salary and disaster (natural, house fire). In a significant number of cases the causes are systemic (lack of income or lack of affordable housing) versus an individual behavioral cause. In Toronto, Canada, it is argued that the number of individuals who lack homes is much greater than the number of emergency shelter beds in the city of Toronto (Bridgman, 2003).Some of the reasons for someone turning to be homeless vary from person to person and can include family breakdown such as divorce/separation or being thrown out to exit from the child welfare system, military/veteran history, eviction, mental health or addictions issues, loss/lack of job, lack of income, low rate of welfare, government benefits or salary and disaster (natural, house fire). In a significant number of cases, Bassuk and Geller (2006) argue that the causes are systemic (lack of income/lack of affordable housing) versus an individual behavioral cause among others.Causes in homelessness in Vancouver, Canada According to the HYPERLINK "http://lookoutsociety.ca/images/2014-Metro-Vancouver-Homeless-Count.pdf" \t "_blank"2014 Metro Vancouver Homeless Count, there were more than 2,777 people homeless in Vancouver. Many reasons account for this. Issues such as poverty coupled with the high cost of housing rank are some of the leading causes of homelessness in Vancouver. According to Bridgman (2003 ), the high cost of housing is especially high in Vancouver, compared to other cities across Canada. A recent cost of living survey that was conducted by the Economist Magazine did indicate that Vancouver is one of the most expensive cities to live in. There are many causes to this phenomenon. First, cases of poverty and the high cost of housing did rank as the leading causes of homelessness across Vancouver. More than half of the populations across Vancouver are classified as poor. Majority of them cannot afford some of the basic needs needed for everyday survival (Gaetz, 2010). In addition to this, addiction and lack or no income were some of the issues or factors that have led to homelessness in Canada. In fact, when asked to give some of the reasons as to why they had no permanent homes, more than 47% of respondents reported that low income, high rents and addiction to drugs and alcohol were some of the contributing factors to their homelessness (Evans, Collins and Anderson, 201 6). Family and relationship breakdowns are other cases that make a significant number of populations across Vancouver become homeless. Surveys carried out in a number of places across Vancouver did find out that more than 18% of family and relationship breakdowns did lead to a significant number of people becoming homeless (Laird, 2007). The rates of divorce and family breakdowns caused by other reasons are high in Vancouver. Such reasons have made a lot of people to become homeless in many places across Vancouver (Bassuk and Geller, 2006).Apart from the above, mental illness were some of the causes that made a lot of people ending up in streets across Vancouver. Recently conducted surveys did indicate that a significant number of people having mental issues did find themselves in streets either by their own or being neglected by their family members. In fact, recent surveys conducted in many places across Vancouver did indicate that a lot of family members were not willing to acco mmodate their mentally disturbed family members with the same reports indicating that a huge number of families were open to sending their immediate mentally disturbed members out to the streets (Austen and Pauly, 2012). Other issues or causes of homelessness in Vancouver were identified as issues related to abuse or lack of safety in addition to problems related to new immigrants who cannot find their ways once they settle across Canada. Lack of safe surroundings or places to safely inhabit without any form of disturbance are some of the issues that have led to rising numbers of homeless people in Vancouver. Abuse, mainly originating from close family members is some of the reasons that make a lot of people to become homeless in Vancouver (Bassuk and Geller, 2006). Other causes identified include public policy of housing lack of government finding or simply put as the lack of the federal in providing housing to the homeless population in Vancouver coupled with other structural fact ors made of economic and societal issues that affect opportunities for a huge number of people to get access to affordable housing (Bridgman, 2003). Moreover, system failure across Vancouver, such as the failure to early accommodate abandoned children, people leaving mental institutions, correctional facilities or immigrants lacking a way forward once they arrive in Vancouver are other causes of homelessness in Vancouver, Canada (Evans, Collins and Anderson, 2016). Solutions to homelessness in Vancouver, Canada There are many solutions that have been proposed to ending the problem of homelessness in Vancouver, Canada. However it is important to note that ending homelessness, whichever the place is not an easy thing to do, because at the end the day, the fact remains that the vast majority of the world live in utter poverty. However, there are a number of steps or solutions that have been proposed to ending homelessness in Canada. One of the proposed solutions is conducting trade fai rs for the homeless where the homeless population are assembled and asked on what they perceive as the some of the greatest reasons that make them end up streets (Evans, Collins and Anderson, 2016). Secondly, it has been argued that if welfare rates are raised, there will be few people spending cold nights in the streets of Vancouver. A report conducted by the Greater Vancouver Regional District did show that the average rent for a bachelor apartment in Vancouver did stand at $678 per month (Laird, 2007). Bryant (2003) asserts that majority of homeless populations in Canada rely on welfare and it is cheaper and more humane to help such people pay their rent as opposed to rescuing them if they fail. Raising welfare rates in addition to minimum wages may keep a lot of people out of cold Vancouver streets. Third, by the federal government providing housing facilities to the homeless people across Vancouver, the problem will be highly reduced. It is argued that housing the homeless pe rsons is a far cheaper option as opposed to letting them roam in the streets since its in the streets where many crimes occur, especially the ones caused by homeless persons (Bryant, 2003). That put aside, by the federal government finding ways of housing the homes persons roaming the streets of Vancouver, the problem will be highly reduced. Closely related to the above, once the government finds housing facilities for the homeless people, it can go ahead and provide job opportunities to such people in order to make them busy in addition to earning an income and eventually keeping them off the streets. It will be useless to provide such people with houses and leav...

The Language Gap Essay - 1509 Words

Mastering language is an important milestone in human development. When language is developed, the world opens up and a person is able to communicate their needs and interact in a meaningful way. Psychologist Lev Vygotsky even believes language is the most important tool we have in learning. Our basic learning skills are taught to us through an informal education system consisting of parents, other grown-ups, peers and even the media (Sigelman, C. Rider, E., 2009, pg. 277). Formal education then takes over, teaching the language skills necessary to read, write and problem solve. Both formal and informal education play a large part in development and when one of these is compromised language development can suffer. Infancy and†¦show more content†¦When parents respond to these pre-lingual sounds as if they were real words it relates positively to cognitive development of the infant by drawing him/her into a dialogue. An infant’s first meaningful word is typica lly spoken around 12 months of age. Scientists refer to these first words as holophrases because a single word often conveys an entire sentences worth of meaning (Sigelman, C. Rider, E., 2009, pg. 279). In the beginning, language acquisition is a slower process, and words are gained one at a time. It may take 3 or 4 months before a child has a vocabulary of 10 or so words. However, this soon speeds up after about 18 months old and the rate of word learning doubles so that at 20 months they are producing an average of 150 words (Sigelman, C. Rider, E., 2009). At age 2 until about age 5 children learn to speak sentences that are more complex by then end of the preschool period, childrens sentences are much like those of adults even though they have never had a formal lesson in grammar (Sigelman, C. Rider, E., 2009, p. 281). Once children enter school their language acquisition and language skills greatly improve. Research has shown that the average first-grader starts schoo l with a vocabulary of 100,000 words and adds somewhere between 5 and 13 new words a day throughout the elementary school years (Sigelman, C. Rider, E., 2009, p. 281). If a child has any deficiencies in their vocabularyShow MoreRelatedThe Language Gap Between First And Second Generation Immigrants1589 Words   |  7 Pagesacquire the language spoken in the receiving country (their second language, the L2) when old enough to leave the household for schooling, while their parents—first generation immigrants—retain their native language (the L1). While childhood arrivals â€Å"effortlessly acquire† the L2, â€Å"higher wage returns and better job opportunities† are typically prerequisite incentives for older immigrants to invest in learning the L2 (Isphording). 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Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 1463 Words

Watching the heavens above with my keen, blue eyes, I fasten the last link of my chestplate, pulling it tightly against my ribs until I feel the familiar squeeze around my chest. The heavens are bright today, not a cloud in sight. Wind filters through the field, whipping a few longer strands of hair around my face. The gnawing feeling in my stomach won’t quit. Turning around, I take a deep breath and count my companions, all of whom were still getting dressed in their chainmail. I think one of them might die today. Securing my sword onto my hip, I trudge to the stables, where only a few servants still linger to help my companions and I. A small blond stablehand leads my steed over, and I mount it with the ease of a weathered rider.†¦show more content†¦It’s blazing hot, and we stumble into a new village, one with a large tavern and plenty of women that keep most of the knights entranced. My king sits to the side, uninterested in the women who drink with our companions. He instead sips at his meade and thinks of his wife, a goddess of a woman who sits on her throne and braids her handmaidens’ locks with the skill of a seamstress. I join him, and together, we sit silently, the tavern’s light flickering off his stone face and my soft features. â€Å"Guinevere’s expecting a child,† he tells me as Trystan drunkenly dances with a young blonde, â€Å"but something tells me it’s not right.† â€Å"The village that I was born in is a day’s ride from here,† I sip at my ale, and my king replies with silence. The next morning we find ourselves in trouble. A group of mercenaries leaping from the bushes caught us off guard, and we crawled to the next town, my town, two horses short and Trystan gravely injured. He makes it through the night, but the terrible feeling deep inside me still does not disappear, so I leave the inn we’re sleeping in to go exploring. â€Å"I’m sorry to disturb you, m’lady,† I tell a pretty seamstress late in the afternoon, â€Å"do you happen to know of a Badrick and Mildred?† â€Å"I’m sorry sir,† she places her basket of clothes down on the ground near her feet, â€Å"but they died shortly after their daughter Hà ©loise left them. If you asked me, I think they died of heartbreak; theyShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1110 Words   |  5 PagesI don’t know how I got to where I am, but I’m here now, and I have to win if I want to live. I am in a game, and in order to live, I have to escape. That’s the thing, though: I don’t know how to escape. I was running for my life around this old house that looked like it came straight out of a horror movie. I doubled over and held my head in pain as I saw the static, which meant it was coming. 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We end up talking for a while and I asked him if he had ever left this city. He tells me of all these stories of the places where he s been, the distant lakes and mountains, and in valleys oh so green. I can see it in his eyes, he really has beenRead MoreDescripti ve Essay - Original Writing974 Words   |  4 Pages I was used to moving round, having a mother who liked to travel more than making roots was something I had gotten used to. Still, I had never gotten used to the loneliness of an empty house when she was out exploring, or the feeling of leaving behind someone who could have meant something to me. Our most recent move was Oregon. It was pretty, and I didn’t mind it, but it was much different than Florida. Not only was it opposite sides of the country, it felt as if it were opposite worlds. InRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1012 Words   |  5 Pageshave plenty of time in the next month to think about my feeling in regards to Kendrick. I needed to finish up the article and get it off to my editor. I should be able to get it done by tonight and send an email in the morning. I was thinking of writing my next article about the sea life around the Scottish coast. Since our salmon dinner last evening I thought I would do a piece about the commercial salmon farming that began in Scotland in 1969. In 2002 over 145,000 metric tons of farmed AtlanticRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1561 Words   |  7 PagesThere’s something I need to say and what follows may not be something that you’d expect, it won’t be heartening or uplifting. If you remember today, I told you about going somewhere I wanted to go to†¦ I’m not sure if you believed and accepted what I now confess as untrue; it is partly. I needed to pull away emo tionally†¦ from you. You must have had fathomed that some degree of formality had seeped between us. Born of habit, formulaic greetings had become a routine. You presume that I’m a close friendRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1387 Words   |  6 PagesI was wearing a beautiful blue dress with sapphire gems all around the chest area as I entered the ball with Ciel and Sebastian. I took a good look around here, the hallway was lined with gold. There was a servant ready to escort us to the ball room. Hello, come this way. He said, walking forward. Wow, this place is so fancy! I exclaimed, looking around. It s fake gold. Ciel bluntly replied, bringing my hopes down. I sighed. Ciel sounded like he wasn t in a very good mood. Ciel, lightenRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1287 Words   |  6 Pages In the morning, Caireann woke me up. She stood above my bed, shaking my shoulder. I opened my eyes, looking at her. Then I looked across the room to her empty bed. Andy s empty bed sat in the corner. I swallowed, climbing out of bed. Sleep well? Caireann asked me, starting out the door. Yeah, I said, going over to our small dresser. I had the bottom two drawers. Andy had the middle two, and Caireann had the top. I pulled open the drawers, pulling on a colorful tank top and a grayRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1345 Words   |  6 PagesLater that night, I was behind the wheel of my G-Wagon with Melissa in the passenger seat. She didn’t feel like driving since she was on the road all day and I understood so I didn’t mind when she asked me to. I had been tight-lipped. She kept eyeballing me as if she detected that something was bothering me but I just kept singing to my India Arie as if I was carefree. â€Å"So are you going to tell me what’s going on or no† Melissa said disrupting my own personal concert. I stopped singing and tookRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1085 Words   |  5 PagesI WAS SITTING IN a taxi, wondering if I had overdressed for the evening, when I looked out the window and saw Mom rooting through a Dumpster. It was just after dark. A blustery March wind whipped the steam coming out of the manholes, and people hurried along the sidewalks with their collars turned up. I was stuck in traffic two blocks from the party where I was heading. Mom stood fifteen feet away. She had tied rags around her shoulders to keep out the spring chill and was picking through the trash

Ambulance Drone and Cost Effective Technology †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Ambulance Drone and Cost Effective Technology. Answer: Introduction In health social care the role of the innovation is crucial. In the past due to lack of innovation the survival rate in case of different diseases was very low. With the help of traditional technologies it is impossible to improve the health social care system. Transport system plays an important role in the health care. Lack of proper transportation system increases the responding time, which is imperative in case of improving the quality of health care system. Beside the health care, it is also important to reduce the responding time in the battle field. In the battle field soldiers die due to lack of proper facility to provide them first aid treatment (Van de Voorde et al., 2017). Therefore looking at the situation, it is important to focus on innovation in this field. One of the most innovative ideas to improve the situation is the drone ambulance. In the past drone was used in different fields like war spying, but this can be used in the field of medical science also. The new business innovative idea is the Ambulance drone. Current Problem The rate of cardiac arrest is very high in UK other parts of the world. In case of heart attack victims the survival rate is very low due to the large gap between time of cardiac arrest the admission to hospital. Within this time interval most of the patients die. The time taken by the ambulance to reach to the patient is nearly 10 minutes. Cardiac attack victims remain alive only for 3 minutes in UK the survival rate in UK is only 8%. It is important to take the patient to the hospital within 3 to 4 minutes or give the preliminary treatment within this time period. The main problem associated with the ambulance is the traffic congestion this increases the time required to reach to the patient. This leads to the brain death of patients. Another important problem is the daily accidents taking place in the road. In most of the cases if patients get the preliminary treatment, they can remain alive for few more minutes. Within this time period it is possible to take patients to the hospital (Shingange et al., 2015). It is essential to provide first aid services to these patients. The same problem is also lying here. The response time is so long that, it becomes impossible to give preliminary treatment to patients. The same situation is taking place in the battle field. When soldiers become injured, they require treatment of the preliminary level. This will help soldiers to survive for long time this will be sufficient to take soldiers to the hospital. All these problems are quite serious these have to be handled seriously. To solve these problems it is important to apply modern technologies improve the situation. Drone is one of the current innovations in this field. If the drone technology can be utilised in the medical science, the transportation system can be improved. Benefits of Innovation Quick Response There are large benefits attached to the drone technology if the system can be used in the ambulance service, it will be beneficial for large numbers of patients across the globe. The main problem in the emergency cases is the proper response time. It is important to reduce the response time to tackle emergency cases. This is not possible with the traditional ambulance system. The ambulance service has to be improved the drone system can be incorporated with the ambulance system. In case of ambulance drone the problem associated with the response time can be solved. Since drone has the ability to avoid the traffic congestion take the air route, the time required to reach to patients is very short. This is one of the biggest advantages attached with the innovation (Rootwelt, 2016). If the ambulance drone can be launched in the market it will be able to save life of large numbers of patients throughout the world. In case of cardiac patients the survival rate is very low due to the l ong response time. The brain death takes place within 5 minutes after the cardiac arrest. This is necessary to reduce the time gap of response to 2-3 minutes. This is not possible with the existing ambulance, since it will not be able to avoid traffic congestion. It has been seen that the time taken by ambulance to reach to patients is nearly 10 minutes. With the help of the ambulance drone the ambulance can reach to patients within 2 minutes. It will also be able to cover wide area within shortest possible time. With the launch of the ambulance drone in the market, it would be possible to increase the survival rate from 8% to 80% within very short time. Cost effective Another important associated with the launching of the new product in the market is the cost of production. Since marketing of the product play an important role behind launching a product, it is crucial to take into account the cost of the production. If the cost of production is very high, it will escalate the price to be charged from customers (Lennartsson, 2015). The high price will also increase the cost of service. In case of the ambulance drone the main benefit is the cost effectiveness. After estimating the cost of production of the ambulance drone, it has been noticed that the cost of production of ambulance is similar to the ambulance drone. If the production cost is low, it will facilitate in the commercialisation of the product. The cost of the production of ambulance drone is $20,000. Therefore the ambulance drone will be cost effective fulfil the purpose of large numbers of patients. Since the ambulance drone will be able to respond quickly in comparison to the ambulan ce service the cost of service is also similar in nature (Floreano Wood, 2015). This will increase the marketing capacity of the service provided by the ambulance drone. Environmental Impact Another benefit associated with the ambulance drone is that it does not use the gas or other fuel which affect the environment in a negative manner. Use of the oil or gas increases the pollution in the environment. It is important to reduce the overall impact of the environment. Since the ambulance drone use the modern technology as a result the ambulance drone do not use fuels which have negative impact in the environment. Strategic Response or Plan The innovation is important but the most important part is the commercialisation of the business plan. After the innovation of the new business, it is crucial to take strategic plan to bring the product in the market. Few steps have been taken into account to increase the popularity of the product in the market. Since ambulance drone provides services in the emergency situations, it is essential to produce the product at a lower level of cost. It is imperative to make the service charge reasonable so that large sections of people can afford the service. These strategic plans have been described below: At the very beginning the plan is to make a design of the ambulance drone. It will help in identifying all those parts needed to prepare the ambulance drone. Every part has a certain amount of cost this is most important to calculate the overall cost of the project. It will help in evaluating the feasibility of the project. After the innovation a business plan it is required to take the help of the intellectual property rights to give a patent right to the innovation. Then it is imperative to make contract with different manufacturers who will supply all those components required to manufacture ambulance drone. All these are parts of the production process. The production process also takes in to account the required technology other factors which are essential to give the project a final shape. The next important step is the introduction of the project in to the market. Marketing strategy plays an important role in the commercialisation of the product in the market. Since this is a completely new technology, it is inevitable to make people aware of the usage of the service. If people are not aware of the service, the main objective of the project will not be realised. Therefore, the technology has to be made popular among people. The help of different media like TV channels, the newspaper or other promotional strategies have to be used to make people accustomed with the technology (Scott Scott, 2017). It is necessary to make everyone acknowledged with the usage of technology, since people have to provide the treatment to patients whose conditions are serious. The permission of different regulatory bodies has to be taken into account to launch the product in the market. There are different ethical issues which have to be considered at the time of launching the product. Project Options Analysis To solve a problem there are different options available in the market. The main problem in the market is responding to the emergency situation. To solve the situation various options are available these are as follows: The existing ambulance service available in the market. The ambulance service has been improved significantly. The responding time has also been reduced with proper technology managing the traffic system in a proper manner. The mobile van service with different medical toolkits service providers in different parts of the city must be available to provide treatment in emergency cases. The ambulance drone to be launched in the market. Out of these options the most suitable feasible option is the Ambulance drone. There are different reasons behind this these are the response time, the cost of the project the environmental impact. All these are essential to tackle the emergency situations. It only takes nearly 2-3 minutes to reach to the patients it also carries necessary medical toolkits to tackle the emergency situations. Only the requirement is making people aware of the usage of the service. Use of the Lean Canvas Model In this present innovation the help of the Lean Canvas Model has been taken into account. It is useful in the present context. These have been described below: The Lean Canvas Designed for: Designed by: Date: Version: Problem Solution Unique Value Prop. Unfair Advantage Customer Segments the survival rate in case of cardiac attack is only 8% the ambulance drone will make the response it is cost effective in nature time short it is environment friendly people may take advantage even in case of customers of elderly age group are main in accidental case patients do not get first aid it will take only 1-2 min to reach to the patient it's response time is also very less situations when people can early reach hospital target group services in battle field soldiers do not get treatment it will make the original purpose of the immediately after getting injured innovation unfulfilled Existing Alternatives Key Metrics High-Level Concept Channels Early Adopters shortest response time contracts have been made with different the normal ambulance service cost effectiveness it will take the air route to reach to patients distributors to provide supply materials people suffering from cardiac arrest will be the mobile van service environmental friendly at the shortest time period to manufacture the product early adopters of the technology it will carry medical tool kits. Cost Structure Revenue Streams 1st year $50000 2nd year $80000 3rd year $ 100000 4th year $200000 Recommended Solution Before the launch of the project in the market it is necessary to introduce people about the necessary features of the service. It is important to take various recommendations into consideration to improve the service quality. One of the recommendations is to reduce the time gap as much as possible in this case the shortest path algorithm is a technology which can be used by the project developer. It should carry medical toolkits for different kinds of diseases these will help in tackling various emergency situations (Van de Voorde et al., 2017). The technology should be such that possibility of accident or property damage is very less. Therefore different safety measures have to be taken. Another thing to be noticed is that the service should not be misutilised by others. Otherwise the actual purpose of the project remains unfulfilled. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be said that the importance of the ambulance drone in the society will be immense due to large number of benefits associated with the service. It will act as a substitute of the older technologies available in the market. Another important aspect of the new innovation is its cost effectiveness its less response time. Therefore commercialisation of the project will be of immense help for the whole society. References Aron, J. (2016). England's health service to get drones this year. Floreano, D., Wood, R. J. (2015). Science, technology and the future of small autonomous drones.Nature,521(7553), 460-466. Lennartsson, J. (2015). Strategic Placement of Ambulance Drones for Delivering Defibrillators to Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Victims. Rootwelt, T. (2016).Ambulance Drones in Norway-A Stakeholder Analysis(Master's thesis, NTNU). Scott, J., Scott, C. (2017, January). Drone Delivery Models for Healthcare. InProceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Shingange, F., Bagula, A., Ghaziasgar, M. M. (2015). Multi Drone Task Allocation (Target Search). Van de Voorde, P., Gautama, S., Momont, A., Ionescu, C. M., De Paepe, P., Fraeyman, N. (2017). THE DRONE AMBULANCE [A-UAS]: GOLDEN BULLET OR JUST A BLANK?.Resuscitation.

Socrates Moral Obligation To Civil Law

The following is the hypothetical conversation on the subject of one’s moral obligation to a civil law, which could have had taken place between Socrates and Protagoras (sophist philosopher).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Socrates: Moral Obligation To Civil Law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During the course of this conversation, Socrates was able to prove to Protagoras that the notion of one’s moral obligation to a civil law is indeed fully objective. The conversation was concerned with the discussion of contemporary socio-political issues. Protagoras: Dear Socrates, I am not entirely convinced that people should consider themselves being morally compelled to seek into attuning their act with the conventions of a civil law. The reason for this is simple – as you, I am sure, is being well aware of; morality itself never ceases to remain the subject of a constant transformation. As human societies advance, in social, scientific and cultural senses of this word, the morality of these societies’ members never ceases to attain qualitatively new characteristics (Foucault 101). Therefore, it would only be logical to assume that there are no good reasons to believe that, as time goes on, the concept of one’s moral obligation to a civil law will continue to be perceived as being thoroughly objective. Socrates: I do not deny the fact that, as time goes one, people’s code of behavioral ethics undergoes a qualitative transformation. Nevertheless, you should agree that the earlier mentioned transformation results in people growing ever more open-minded and tolerant. For example; whereas, as recent as hundred years ago, the majority of citizens in Western countries thought of the concept of ‘civil marriage’ as such that implied ‘sinfulness’, it is no longer the case nowadays. After all, it now became a commonplace practice among We stern men and women to enter into relationships, without having to get married (Cherlin 848). Do not you agree?Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Protagoras: Yes, I agree. This, however, only proves the validity of what I was saying earlier – as time goes on; the conventions of traditional morality become increasingly outdated. In its turn, this should lead us to a conclusion that the notion of one’s moral obligation to a civil law can no longer be thought of as representing an undeniable truth-value. After all, it may very well be the case that tomorrow, people’s newly adopted moral predispositions will prompt them to consider one’s willingness to adhere to the conventions of a civil law as being essentially ‘immoral’ – certainly, not an improbable scenario. Socrates: Your argument, in this respect, cannot be considered fully legitimate. The reason for this is simple – while stating that people’s morality undergoes a continuous transformation, you failed at pointing out to what represents such transformation’s qualitative effects. As I mentioned earlier, there is an undeniable tendency for Western societies to grow ever more tolerant. Given the fact that you admitted that my line of argumentation, in this respect, is being fully legitimate, you will have to agree that the subtleties of morality’s transformation are being dialectically predetermined. To put it plainly – it is quite possible to predict the spatial essence of morality’s continuous alteration. Protagoras: I guess I will have to agree. Still, I do not quite understand how what you have just said relates to what it being discussed. Socrates: What I have said points out to the fact that Western societies become increasingly secular (civil). Therefore, it would only be natural to think that the essence of earlier m entioned morality’s transformation is being fully consistent with the process of societies’ secularization (Dobbelaere 167).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Socrates: Moral Obligation To Civil Law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, this secularization appears to be driven by people’s realization of the fact that there is nothing wrong with the disposal of clearly outdated moral dogmas. Protagoras: Yes, this is exactly what I was trying to say. Socrates: Then, you would have to also agree that, even though the process of morality’s transformation does affect a variety of legal conventions, it nevertheless does not undermine Western law from within, as a whole. Otherwise, the process of people becoming ever more open-minded and less concerned with professing the traditional values should have resulted in Western societies being plunged into the state of anarchy. Yet, this is not being the case, is it? Protagoras: I will have to agree with you on that. Even though that, as time goes on, more and more people tend to reconsider the validity of clearly outdated moral conventions, such their tendency does not seem to affect the qualitative aspects of Western societies’ functioning. Socrates: This is because, contrary to what you were implying, the continuous transformation of a number of ethics-related traditional conventions does not result in undermining morality’s validity, as ‘thing in itself’. It is important to understand that; whereas, in the past, the notion of morality used to be perceived as something closely associated with the notion of religion, it nowadays is being increasingly looked upon as something that originates out of an impersonal civil law.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Protagoras: It is actually beginning to dawn upon me what you are trying to say. Evidently enough, you are implying that the notion of morality is being essentially synonymous to the notion of a civil/secular law, as the solemn ‘authority’ that regulates socio-political dynamics within a particular society. Socrates: Yes, you are right. Just consider the case of Muslim countries in the Third World. The majority of these countries’ citizens never cease taking pride in their strong adherence to the dogmas of Islamic morality. Moreover, even upon having immigrated to Western countries, these people continue to profess the ideals of ‘traditional living’, while bashing native-born Westerners on the account of their ‘materialism’, ‘consumerism’ and ‘non-spirituality’. This, however, does not prevent Muslim immigrants from acting as primeval barbarians, upon being exposed to the ideas that do not quite match their own (Banu 2408). I am sure, you must have heard of incidents of street-violence, instigated by the publishing of caricatures on Islamic ‘prophet’ Mohamed in Western newspapers? Protagoras: Yes, I have heard of it. The representatives of Muslim communities in Western countries used to hold mass-rallies, while protesting these caricatures’ publishing, as utterly inappropriate. As far as I remember, these protests were quite violent. Many innocent bystanders sustained physical injuries, simply because they were unfortunate enough to find themselves in close proximity to the raging crowds of Muslim immigrants. Socrates: That is correct. As the context of your latest remark implies, you do consider Muslims’ behavior, in this respect, highly inappropriate? Protagoras: Yes, of course. After all, they were not forced to immigrate to Western countries. If they do not like the ideals of Western secular living, they should simply pack up and leave to where they came from , so that nothing would prevent them from being able to celebrate their religion, in time free from indulging in tribal wars and making babies on an industrial scale. Socrates: Did it occur to you that what you have just said points out to the fact that you think of Muslims’ socially inappropriate behavior as being essentially immoral? Protagoras: I think so. Apparently, these people are being utterly intolerant to other people’s opinions. Socrates: What do you think makes them being intolerant to the extent that many of them are willing to go as far as killing their opponents? Protagoras: I think, they are being little too devoted to their religion. Socrates: Exactly! These people are simply being intellectually primitive, which in turn prompts them to act in a manner if they were absolutely unaffected by the provisions of Western secular law. They think this law has nothing to do with them, as it is only their ‘holy book’ Quran, which they consider to co ntain the only valid instructions as to how they ought to address life’s challenges (Baig 61). Do you agree now that one’s failure to observe the provisions of a civil law is being essentially immoral, as it leads to violence and chaos? Protagoras: I think you have made a good point there. Still, I am not entirely sure that the notion of ‘one’s moral obligation to civil law’ is being fully tangible, simply because there can be no instrument for defining and measuring such obligation’s objective emanations. I guess you are being aware of the fact that the concept of a civil law is based upon the premise that ‘whatever is not forbidden is permitted’. This creates a certain paradox – after all, one might very well go about proving its adherence to the provisions of a civil law by indulging in morally repugnant behavior, since such type of behavior is not being strictly forbidden. Socrates: Actually, the point you have just ma de is being explored throughout the movie Larry Flynt vs. People. Movie’s main character – the publisher of Hustler Magazine Larry Flynt, simply strived to run his business, concerned with selling pornography. This, however, did cost him dearly, as during the course of seventies; America’s Bible-thumpers were still utterly influential. This was exactly the reason why Larry Flynt never ceased being sued on the account of his business’s ‘moral inappropriateness’. Nevertheless, the Supreme Court’s final ruling, in regards to the case of Larry Flynt vs. Jerry Falwell (Christian preacher), left no doubt as to the fact that by promoting pornography, Flynt has in fact been promoting democratic/civil values (Butterbaugh 15). This shows that, regardless of how strongly immoral one’s behavior may appear, for as long as such a behavior contributes to the strengthening of a civil law, as the only legitimate societal authority, this individu al should be considered an outstanding citizen. Protagoras: In other words, there is a possibility for seemingly immoral individuals to be considered as such that experience an innate obligation to promote the provisions of a civil law? Socrates: Yes, there is. It is important to understand that, unlike what it happened to be the case with people’s most commonly irrational morality-related convictions, the morality advanced by a civil law is fully rational, which in turn means that it is being fully objective. The reason for this is apparent – it is namely the countries where civil law enjoys the status of an undisputed authority, which feature world’s highest standards of living. Why is it? This is because it is only in intellectually liberated secular societies, where an impersonal civil law is being equally applied to societies’ members, regardless of what happened to be the particulars of their racial, cultural of religious uniqueness, where the conti nuation of a scientific, cultural and social progress is possible, in the first place. In its turn, this progress creates objective preconditions for the people to be able to enjoy a nice living. After all, as I mentioned earlier, it is specifically ‘godless’, ‘immoral’ and ‘consumerist’ Western societies that serve as a magnet for the hordes of highly ‘spiritual’ and ‘culturally rich’ but intellectually backward immigrants from the Third World, and not the vice versa. Therefore, one’s willingness to observe the provisions of a civil law should indeed be considered the foremost indication of him of her being a moral individual. Protagoras: I guess, I have no option but to agree with you. It just dawned upon that, even though the conventional morality does in fact undergo the process of a continuous transformation, the very purpose of this process is make people’s moral judgments to be fully correlative wi th the provisions of a civil/secular law. Therefore, if there were an instrument for measuring the extent of people’s endowment with socially beneficial morals, it would be the observation of how comfortable they are with the implications of a civil law. Socrates: That is correct. Allow me to conclude this conversation by reinstating once again that there is not only a moral obligation for the people to act in accordance with the provisions of a civil law, but there is also an obligation for them to actively strive to resist just about anything that might undermine such law’s implicational integrity. Protagoras: Thank you for your time. I did find this conversation truly enlightening. Bibliography: Baig B. G. â€Å"Islamic Fundamentalism.† Social Scientist 9.1 (1980): 58-65. Print. Banu, Zainab. â€Å"Immigrant Groups as a Factor in Communal Riots.† Economic  and Political Weekly 29.37 (1994): 2408-2411. Print. Butterbaugh, Laura. â€Å"Is This Freedom ?† Off Our Backs 27.4 (1997): 15-18. Print. Cherlin, Andrew. â€Å"The Deinstitutionalization of American Marriage.† Journal of  Marriage and Family 66.4 (2004): 848-861. Print. Dobbelaere, Karel. Secularization: An Analysis at Three Levels. Berlin: Peter  Lang, 2004. Print. Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality. New York: Pantheon, 1978. Print. This essay on Socrates: Moral Obligation To Civil Law was written and submitted by user Aubrianna Mccarthy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Organisation Theory Case Study Essays

Organisation Theory Case Study Essays Organisation Theory Case Study Paper Organisation Theory Case Study Paper Organisation Theory Case Study – Motivation at the Bradley Clothing Company The personnel manager of the Bradley Clothing Company, Alice Johnson thinks the theories of Maslow and Herzberg are very suitable for the management; therefore, she put the theory into practice. The outcome is not what she expected, so this is the main discussion point about the relationship between theory and reality. The theories of Maslow and Herzberg are surely worthy to be the reference for implementation, but there are still some theories which assist and support these two theories to make it more complete, and it is also very important to take this into consideration. In the following, I am going to discuss the combination of those theories and the practical method for execution. Content Theories of Motivation The theory was developed by Abraham Maslow (1943, 1954, 1971), and his main argument was on the resolution between drives and motives and he claimed we have nine intrinsic needs. During the nine needs, from the basic biological requirements to the highest hierarchy self actualization and it really pointed out the progress of needs from human beings. However, the process could be stopped by any levels, and besides, maybe it is too vague for the Mrs. Johnson to predict the behaviour from the employees of the company because there are different positions of jobs which have different working content. Although the Marlow’s theory still offers the correct concept, the situation nowadays may need some adjustment. The theory is was more of a social philosophy which reflected white American middle-class value, so it cannot cover all the conditions. Clayton Alderfer (1972) claimed the ERG theory which included existence, relatedness and growth needs. Alderfer’s theory could be linked to the Maslow’s theory which is biological and safety needs, affiliation needs, and self-actualization and self-esteem needs. It simplified the process of the Maslow’s theory and directed at organizational settings because Maslow was not intentionally concerned with work motivation. Actually, if Alice can take this as her basic idea for the different levels of needs, it will be easier to categorise. Although Alice took the idea from Maslow, it is newer to adapt he ERG theory, besides it also related to the original Marlow’s theory. This is the fundamental part of staff’s needs, and only figure out the source of the needs, it is possible to continue the following steps. Then, here is two quotes which was from Sheila Ritchie and Peter Martin (1999) that ‘the task of the manager is to find out what it is that motivates people’ and ‘make them smile more and carp less’. There are twelve motivational drivers and for the Bradley Clothing Company, clothing designers need to be self-development, social contact and relationships. It is because the clothing designers are satisfied with the status quo and they feel happy about the current achievement, and this could be a concern afterwards. If they just think they do not have to make in progress, the ability of competence must be going down and it will be very easy to lose to the other competitors, so they have to have the kind of self-awareness which is similar to self-development and remind themselves to keep improved continuously and the manager could show the work from other companies to motivate the designers to have better performance. For the other employees such as cutters, seamsters, pressers, and packagers, it should focus on recognition, variety and change and money and tangible rewards. The jobs they are responsible for is replaceable, but as a good company, it should take care of all the employees and that is why they are the partners in the company. Besides, although it is hard to let them feel their job full of variety, the company still can educate them that try to take every different piece of clothes as the new work and maybe they just do not appreciate what they do. In this way, if they could think what they do is also very important part of the process, it might be higher their self-esteem and try to feel the variety and change for themselves. The most practical way to motivate those employees is to raise their salary and offer tangible rewards, but maybe this could be difficult to do this, because Mrs. Johnson thinks that the company’s wage and salary levels were among the best in the industry. I think if it could not enhance the encouragement for the employees, the item of money and tangible awards can be taken into consideration. ‘Marlow’s is a universalist theory, which applies to everyone, and thus cannot readily explain differences between individuals and between cultures’ (Buchanan and Huczynski, 1985) This is the reason why it is necessary to consider the other three process theories of work motivation, equity theory, expectancy theory, and goal setting theory. Equity Theory The equity theory is fom Stacy Adams (1963, 1965). The definition of equity theory is that based on our perceptions of fair treatment. It is normal to find out the argument among the employees that why they do not get the same wage even they do the same thing and they compare the rewards (pay, recognition) and contributions (time, effort, ideas). For the Bradley Clothing Company, if they have the well system about the management of the salary and the workload, it will not be a big problem for them at this stage. On the other hand, it is essential to avoid the inequity to the employees, because it is hard to convince them and it is even harder to ask them work better. The formula for equity theory: my rewards (minus my costs)/ my effort and contribution = your rewards (minus your costs) / your effort and contribution. According to the equity theory, the rewards could be either tangible or intangible and the importance falls on equal treatment and avoids the unfair distribution because the inequity would definitely decrease the motivation. Expectancy Theory The American psychologist Victor Vroom (1964) developed the expectancy theory of work motivation, based on three concepts: valence, instrumentality, and expectancy. There is obvious explanation that if you work harder, you will expect you get more rewards. The same principle to the realistic situation and it is that the employees always think the more they work, and the more they get. ‘Expectancy theory helps to explain individual differences in motivation and behaviour, unlike Maslow’s universal content theory of motivation. (Buchanan and Huczynski, 1985) Therefore, we can see the different interpretation for different position because it concerns about the individual case. Lyman Porter and Edward Lawler (1968; Lawler, 1973) create a model of work motivation which is based on Vroom’s expectancy theory. At first, ‘the perceived value of rewards’ and ‘expectation that performance will lead to reward’ come to the making effort part, then there are two more element which are ‘individual abilities and traits’ and ‘role perceptions’ with ‘the effort’ to the ‘job performance’. After the job performance, you can get the rewards either from intrinsic or extrinsic side, and there is another element ‘perceived equity of rewards’ which combine with the rewards and lead to the ‘job satisfaction’. In this whole process, the each individual item should be considered into the real execution for the management because the motivation has been developed in those steps. Goal-setting Theory Edwin Locke (1968, 1975; Latham and yukl, 1975) argues that ‘goal setting is more appropriately viewed as a motivational technique rather than a formal theory’ (Lock, 1975, p. 465). There are four main points about the goal theory: challenging goals, specific goals, participation in goal settings and knowledge of results of past performance. I think Mrs. Johnson should know these four different ways of goals to control the performance of the employees because they are in the different positions, and certainly they have different goals for the jobs. The manager could help the staffs to set their goals. For example, the clothing designers are suitable for the first two goals- the challenging goals and specific goals, because they have use their creativities and try to innovate the unique collection for their design and especially the goals for the designers all depend on their own ideas and only they could put the limit to themselves so set the challenging goals and specific goals would be better for their performance. About the third goal- participation in goal setting, it is suitable to use for the other workers in the company. These employees are not responsible for the innovation, so they just have to cooperate with the new design and know how to follow the instructions. Last but not least, knowledge of results of past performance is also a kind of important information and reference for the whole staff because when they know the results of the previous project, it will help them to set the direction for the coming case. The main features could be sum up as goal difficulties, goal specificity, participation, acceptance and feedback. The whole process normally should start form the beginning, but it still could be adjusted as different positions and levels of the employees. Motivator and Hygiene Theory The idea of job enrichment was first developed by the American psychologist Frederick Herzberg (1966, 1968). Motivator factors which are for the job contents include achievement, advancement, growth, recognition, responsibility and the work itself. Hygiene factors which are in the organizational context are pay, company policy, supervisory. In this theory, Herzberg argued that improvement in the hygiene or context factors will remove dissatisfaction, but will not increase motivation and performance. It is an interesting idea that personnel manager Mrs. Johnson does not notice this very well. The hygiene rewards are more intended to the extrinsic rewards, but the intrinsic rewards are more important influences on the motivation to work. As a result, a manager cannot only use the single theory to evaluate the adaptability but should care about the real working situation of the staff. The job characteristics model is designed by Richard Hackman and Greg Oldham (1974; Hackman and Purdy, 1975). There are mainly four factors which are implementing concepts, core job dimentions, critical psychological states and personal and work outcomes and one very important indicator which is employee growth need strength (GNS). This model sets out the links between the features of jobs, the individual’s experience, and the outcomes in terms of motivation, satisfaction and performance. This model also takes into account individual differences in growth need strength (GNS), a concept of self-actualization’. (Buchanan and Huczynski, 1985) From the model and the explanation, the different factors of motivation for work can be analyzed and it can try to find the real point for increase the motivation. GNS which is related to Maslow’s concept of self-actualization can indicates the willingness to welcome personal development by job enrichment. I think Mrs. Johnson can use this job characteristic model as a reference and put in practice. It is certain that it should make adjustment anytime depending on different job contents and attribution. Conclusion It is not always easy to put one kind of classic theory into the real condition and we can say the theory can only offer the basic spirit of the implementation. Mrs. Johnson indeed simplifies the management of motivation and it may neglect what the staffs really want and need. The theories of the Maslow and Herzberg’s might be simple but actually it should be taken as the basic roots of the whole concepts. Besides there are plenty of other theories which have been developed by theoretical professionals, so Mrs. Johnson should make good use of them and have a discussion with the representatives from different positions and in this way, it could have better result to boost the motivation. (1949 words)

Who were the two people who discovered Calculus Essay

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Selection of Plant Manager Essay Example for Free

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History of Ford Thunderbird :: essays research papers

The Ford Thunderbird, an American classic, is a car manufactured in the United States by Ford Motor Company. It was created only twenty months after Chevrolets Corvette as a comeback car and entered design for the 1955 model year as a two-seater resembling a sports car, which went on sale on October 22, 1954 (Wilson 116). As the Thunderbird was a better performer and cost four hundred and ninety six dollars less, no wonder it sold better. In fact, the sales figure for the first model was nearly four times that of the Corvette (Georgano 122). Through the development of the Ford Thunderbird it has evolved drastically in style and performance over its long history. Although none of this would have happened without the formation of the idea to create what is known as the Ford Thunderbird. There are two stylists credited with the creation of the Thunderbird: Lewis D. Crusoe and George Walker, who later became a chief stylist and a Ford vice-president. They took a trip to Paris, and while they were there they saw a sports car that got their attention. From that moment on, they knew they had to come up with something just like it. They went to work as soon as permission was given from headquarters. Their goal was to have a lightweight sports car with a V-8 engine that accelerated to speeds above 100 mph. They achieved this goal successfully, but they did not meet their projected weight for the car. Crusoe started a clay model of the car and finally gained the acceptance on it in May of 1953 (Wilson 116). Once the model was complete there came about the difficulty in deciding on a name. The designers were completely lost when it came to names but suggestions came pouring in by the thousands. Finally, the designers narrowed it down to just one name â€Å"Whizzer,† but Crusoe was just not satisfied with it. He devised a reward, a two hundred and fifty dollar suit, for anyone who could come up with a better name. It was not long before they received a submission from a designer named Alden Giberson. The name he came up with was â€Å"Thunderbird.† Crusoe approved it and the name was no longer negotiable. His idea for that name surprisingly did not come from the Native American symbol for â€Å"Thunder-bird,† but from a very prominent subdivision in Rancho Mirage, California.

Case Study of Prostitution Essay

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